NIP-AMB

Published Jul 30, 2026

kind 30142 · AMB Metadata Event

NIP-AMB

Abstract

This NIP defines how to handle the metadata profile "Allgemeines Metadatenprofil für Bildungsressourcen" (AMB) in nostr:

How to convert AMB metadata to an AMB nostr event
How to convert an AMB nostr-event to AMB metadata
How to query for AMB nostr-events in supporting relays

Event Kind

This NIP defines kind:30142 as an AMB Metadata Event. This means this is an addressable event, that can be addressed using kind:pubkey:d-tag.

How to convert AMB metadata to an AMB nostr event

The transformation uses JSON-flattening with : as the delimiter to convert nested AMB metadata structures into flat Nostr tags. Additionally, Nostr-native tag conventions are used where applicable for better interoperability and query efficiency.

Nostr-Native Conventions

This NIP follows Nostr conventions where they align with AMB requirements:

**d tag**: Used as the unique identifier for the AMB resource (maps to AMB id)
**t tags**: Used for keywords/topics (instead of flattened keywords tags)
**p tags**: Used for creator/contributor references when the person has a Nostr identity (pubkey). Format: ["p", <pubkey-hex>, <relay-hint>, <role>] where <role> is "creator" or "contributor". The relay hint is a single suggestion for discovery (per NIP-01 convention); clients SHOULD use NIP-65 for full relay resolution. When a p tag is used for a person, no creator:*/contributor:* flattened tags are emitted for that person — the pubkey IS their identity. Persons without a Nostr identity use the flattened creator:*/contributor:* tag structure instead.
**a tags**: Used for references to other addressable events on Nostr (including other AMB events), with fallback to flattened URIs for external resources. Format: ["a", "30142:<pubkey>:<d-value>", <relay-hint>, <relationship>]
**r tags**: Used for external URL references (original source, DOI, related web resources)
**content field**: SHOULD contain the description text for client compatibility; the description tag is kept for relay queryability

Flattening Rules

Simple properties: Map directly to ["<key>", "<value>"] tags
AMB: {"name": "Resource Title"}
Nostr: ["name", "Resource Title"]

Nested objects: Flatten using : delimiter
AMB: {"creator": {"name": "John", "id": "123"}}
Nostr: ["creator:name", "John"], ["creator:id", "123"]

Arrays: Repeat the same flattened tag key (order is preserved by tag array position)
AMB: {"keywords": ["Math", "Physics"]}
Nostr: ["t", "Math"], ["t", "Physics"] (Nostr-native t tag)

Arrays of objects: Repeat flattened keys for each object
AMB: {"creator": [{"name": "John"}, {"name": "Jane"}]}
Nostr: ["creator:name", "John"], ["creator:name", "Jane"]

Deep nesting: Continue flattening with additional : delimiters
AMB: {"creator": {"affiliation": {"name": "MIT"}}}
Nostr: ["creator:affiliation:name", "MIT"]

Property Mappings

This is how we convert each property of the AMB:

General:

id → ["d", <id>] (special case: use Nostr's d tag as identifier). The d value SHOULD be the resource's canonical, dereferenceable URL when one exists (the AMB spec describes id as a dereferenceable HTTP URI). Nostr-native resources without an external URL MAY use an arbitrary stable slug — see the reverse-conversion rules for how the AMB id is derived in that case.
type → ["type", <value>] (repeat for multiple types)
name → ["name", <value>]
description → ["description", <value>] AND "content": <value> (duplicated for client compatibility and relay queryability)
about (array of concept objects) → Repeat for each:
["about:id", <uri>]
["about:prefLabel:lang", <label>]
["about:type", "Concept"]
keywords → ["t", <keyword>] (repeat for each keyword, using Nostr t tag)
inLanguage → ["inLanguage", <languageCode>] (repeat for each language)
image → ["image", <uri>]
trailer (MediaObject) →
["trailer:contentUrl", <url>]
["trailer:type", <"VideoObject"|"AudioObject">]
["trailer:encodingFormat", <format>] (optional)
["trailer:contentSize", <bytes>] (optional)
["trailer:sha256", <hash>] (optional)
["trailer:embedUrl", <url>] (optional)
["trailer:bitrate", <kbps>] (optional)

Provenance:

creator (array of Person/Organization objects) → For each creator, use one of the following (never both for the same person):
Nostr-native (creator has a Nostr pubkey): ["p", <pubkey-hex>, <relay-hint>, "creator"] — no additional creator:* tags for this person. Their name and metadata are resolved from their kind:0 profile.
Detection: If a creator object's id is a nostr: URI per NIP-21 encoding an npub or nprofile, converters MUST decode it and emit the p tag form instead of flattened creator:* tags. (This is valid AMB input: the AMB schema constrains creator.id only to format: uri; the ORCID/GND/Wikidata/ROR list is a SHOULD-level recommendation.)
Relay hint precedence: relay embedded in the nprofile (first entry) → converter-configured default → empty string.
External (no Nostr identity):
["creator:id", <uri>] (optional, e.g., ORCID, GND)
["creator:name", <name>]
["creator:type", <"Person"|"Organization">]
["creator:honorificPrefix", <title>] (optional, for persons)
["creator:affiliation:id", <uri>] (optional)
["creator:affiliation:name", <name>] (optional)
["creator:affiliation:type", "Organization"] (optional)
contributor (array of Person/Organization objects) → Same structure as creator (including nostr: URI detection), using role "contributor" in the p tag

> Known limitation: A person with both a Nostr identity and external identifiers (e.g., an ORCID) is represented by the p tag alone; their external identifier, affiliation, and honorificPrefix are not carried in the event, since kind:0 profiles have no standard fields for them. This deviates from the AMB SHOULD-level recommendation to reference ORCID/GND/Wikidata/ROR and is accepted as a trade-off for having exactly one unambiguous representation per person.

dateCreated → ["dateCreated", <ISO8601Date>]
datePublished → ["datePublished", <ISO8601Date>]
dateModified → ["dateModified", <ISO8601Date>]
publisher (array of Organization/Person objects) → Repeat for each:
["publisher:id", <uri>] (optional)
["publisher:name", <name>]
["publisher:type", <"Organization"|"Person">]
funder (array of Person/Organization/FundingScheme objects) → Repeat for each:
["funder:id", <uri>] (optional)
["funder:name", <name>]
["funder:type", <"Person"|"Organization"|"FundingScheme">]

Note: No p-tag role is defined for publisher or funder. A nostr: URI in their id is emitted verbatim as the flattened publisher:id/funder:id value.

Costs and Rights:

isAccessibleForFree → ["isAccessibleForFree", <"true"|"false">]
license (object) →
["license:id", <license_uri>]
conditionsOfAccess (Concept object) →
["conditionsOfAccess:id", <uri>]
["conditionsOfAccess:prefLabel:lang", <label>] (optional)
["conditionsOfAccess:type", "Concept"] (optional)

Educational:

learningResourceType (array of Concept objects) → Repeat for each:
["learningResourceType:id", <uri>]
["learningResourceType:prefLabel:lang", <label>] (optional)
["learningResourceType:type", "Concept"] (optional)
audience (array of Concept objects) → Repeat for each:
["audience:id", <uri>]
["audience:prefLabel:lang", <label>] (optional)
["audience:type", "Concept"] (optional)
teaches (array of Concept objects) → Repeat for each:
["teaches:id", <uri>]
["teaches:prefLabel:lang", <label>] (optional)
assesses (array of Concept objects) → Repeat for each:
["assesses:id", <uri>]
["assesses:prefLabel:lang", <label>] (optional)
competencyRequired (array of Concept objects) → Repeat for each:
["competencyRequired:id", <uri>]
["competencyRequired:prefLabel:lang", <label>] (optional)
educationalLevel (array of Concept objects) → Repeat for each:
["educationalLevel:id", <uri>]
["educationalLevel:prefLabel:lang", <label>] (optional)
["educationalLevel:type", "Concept"] (optional)
interactivityType (Concept object) →
["interactivityType:id", <uri>]
["interactivityType:prefLabel:lang", <label>] (optional)
["interactivityType:type", "Concept"] (optional)
suggestedAge (object with integer bounds; AMB requires at least one of minValue/maxValue) →
["suggestedAge:minValue", <integer>] (optional)
["suggestedAge:maxValue", <integer>] (optional)

Relations:

isBasedOn (array of objects) → Repeat for each:
Nostr-native (if referenced resource is addressable AMB event): ["a", "30142:<pubkey>:<d-value>", <relay>, "isBasedOn"]
Fallback (for external URIs):
["isBasedOn:id", <uri>] (omit when the relation has no id — AMB allows name-only isBasedOn references; never emit a literal "undefined")
["isBasedOn:name", <name>] (optional)
isPartOf (array of objects) → Repeat for each:
Nostr-native (if referenced resource is addressable AMB event): ["a", "30142:<pubkey>:<d-value>", <relay>, "isPartOf"]
Fallback (for external URIs):
["isPartOf:id", <uri>]
["isPartOf:name", <name>] (optional)
["isPartOf:type", <type>] (optional)
hasPart (array of objects) → Repeat for each:
Nostr-native (if referenced resource is addressable AMB event): ["a", "30142:<pubkey>:<d-value>", <relay>, "hasPart"]
Fallback (for external URIs):
["hasPart:id", <uri>]
["hasPart:name", <name>] (optional)
["hasPart:type", <type>] (optional)

Meta-Metadata:

mainEntityOfPage (array of WebPage objects) → Repeat for each:
["mainEntityOfPage:id", <uri>]
["mainEntityOfPage:type", "WebContent"]
["mainEntityOfPage:provider:id", <uri>] (optional)
["mainEntityOfPage:provider:name", <name>] (optional)
["mainEntityOfPage:provider:type", <type>] (optional)
["mainEntityOfPage:dateCreated", <ISO8601Date>] (optional)
["mainEntityOfPage:dateModified", <ISO8601Date>] (optional)

Technical:

duration → ["duration", <ISO8601Duration>] (format: PnYnMnDTnHnMnS)
encoding (array of MediaObject objects) → Repeat for each:
["encoding:type", "MediaObject"]
["encoding:contentUrl", <url>] (or use embedUrl)
["encoding:embedUrl", <url>] (or use contentUrl)
["encoding:encodingFormat", <format>] (optional, IANA media type)
["encoding:contentSize", <bytes>] (optional)
["encoding:sha256", <hash>] (optional)
["encoding:bitrate", <kbps>] (optional)
caption (array of MediaObject objects) → Repeat for each:
["caption:id", <uri>]
["caption:type", "MediaObject"]
["caption:encodingFormat", <format>] (optional, IANA media type)
["caption:inLanguage", <languageCode>] (optional)

External References:

Supplementary "see also" references use the Nostr-native r tag (per NIP-24). These are Nostr-native metadata for client interoperability and do not map to a specific AMB property on reverse conversion.

["r", <url>] - Repeat for each external reference

Examples:

["r", "https://oersi.org/resources/xyz"] - Original source URL
["r", "https://doi.org/10.1234/example"] - DOI reference
["r", "urn:isbn:978-3-16-148410-0"] - ISBN reference

Extension Properties (ext namespace):

Properties not standardized in AMB-core SHOULD use the ext namespace. The shape mirrors AMB-core's flattening, with one extra leading segment that identifies the publishing authority. This enables non-AMB-conformant metadata to coexist with AMB-core in a single event without collision risk.

Tag form: ["ext:<ns>:<facet>", "<value>"] (scalar) or ["ext:<ns>:<facet>:", "<value>"] (structured)
<ns> — namespace authority slug. MUST NOT contain :. Lowercase; . and - are permitted. Stable per authority. Examples: ekw, oersi, org.edufeed.ekw.
<facet> — field name within the namespace. MUST NOT contain :. Examples: bistum, ressourcentyp, fach.
 — property suffix, identical to AMB-core, drawn from a closed set: id, type, name, or prefLabel:<lang>. A key with no  is a scalar (see below).
Example (single concept):
["ext:ekw:bistum:id", "https://w3id.org/kim/ekw/bistum/hannover"]
["ext:ekw:bistum:prefLabel:de", "Hannover"]
["ext:ekw:bistum:type", "Concept"]
Multiple values for the same <ns>:<facet> pair repeat the tag triple, exactly as AMB-core arrays do (boundary on repeated id).
Implementations MUST NOT fold ext entries into AMB-core properties on reverse conversion. They surface as a sibling ext object — see Example 3 and the reverse-conversion section.

Namespace selection and collision avoidance

<ns> is exactly one colon-free segment. Authorship, form identity, and deployment MUST NOT be encoded inside <ns>; a key such as ext:30168:<pubkey>:<d-tag>:<facet>:id is invalid under this NIP.

The rationale is the same as NIP-32, which keeps a namespace in a separate tag position rather than inside the tag name: a single-segment <ns> lets the same logical facet unify across authors, forks and deployments of the same vocabulary, which is what makes #ext:<ns>:<facet>:id a usable filter. Multi-segment namespaces are also not parseable without out-of-band knowledge — see the parsing rule below.

To avoid collisions without a central registry, authorities SHOULD use reverse domain name notation, as NIP-32 recommends for l namespaces:

ext:org.edufeed.ekw:bistum:id
ext:org.edufeed.ekw.konfi:zielgruppen:id

A sub-vocabulary is a namespace of its own (org.edufeed.ekw.konfi), never a colon inside <facet>. Short unqualified slugs (ekw, oersi) remain valid and are common in existing data, but new authorities SHOULD prefer reverse-DNS.

Scalar ext properties

An ext key with no  carries a plain literal value:

["ext:ekw:bibleReference", "Mt 5,1-12"]
["ext:ekw:methodOther", "Bibliolog"]

Repeated keys form an array of strings. On reverse conversion these surface as output.ext.<ns>.<facet> holding an array of strings, alongside concept facets, which hold an array of objects. Consumers MUST support both forms and MUST NOT discard a key merely because it lacks a .

Mixed facets

A <ns>:<facet> pair MAY carry concept tags and scalar tags at the same time. This is the ordinary shape for a field that offers a controlled vocabulary and accepts a free-text value, where an author uses both:

["ext:org.edufeed.ekw.konfi:zeitstruktur:id", "https://w3id.org/kim/ekw/zeit/doppelstunde"]
["ext:org.edufeed.ekw.konfi:zeitstruktur:prefLabel:de", "Doppelstunde"]
["ext:org.edufeed.ekw.konfi:zeitstruktur:type", "Concept"]
["ext:org.edufeed.ekw.konfi:zeitstruktur", "2 x 90 Min."]

output.ext.<ns>.<facet> is therefore a heterogeneous array — objects and strings may both appear in it:

{
  "zeitstruktur": [
    { "id": "https://w3id.org/kim/ekw/zeit/doppelstunde", "type": "Concept", "prefLabel": { "de": "Doppelstunde" } },
    "2 x 90 Min."
  ]
}

Consumers MUST accumulate the two kinds independently. A consumer MUST NOT let the first tag it sees for a pair fix the kind of the whole facet: that discards every tag of the other kind, and since producers emit concept tags before scalars, the half discarded is the author's own text — invisibly, because the vocabulary half still renders.

Ordering is normative, so that the reconstructed value re-serializes to the same tag set: concepts first in tag order, then scalars in tag order, irrespective of how the tags are interleaved in the event.  tags continue to attach to the concept opened by the preceding id; a scalar tag sitting between them MUST NOT act as that boundary.

Parsing rule (normative)

Consumers MUST parse ext keys left-anchored on :, with fixed arity:

ext-key = "ext" ":" ns ":" facet [ ":" sub ]
sub     = "id" / "type" / "name" / "prefLabel" ":" lang

Split the key on :. The first segment MUST be ext.
The second segment is <ns>; the third is <facet>. Both MUST be non-empty.
Everything after the third segment, rejoined with :, is . If absent, the tag is a scalar.
If  is present it MUST match the closed set above. prefLabel MUST be followed by exactly one language segment.
A key that does not match this grammar MUST be ignored — consumers MUST NOT guess a segmentation, and MUST NOT absorb surplus segments into <ns>, <facet> or . Implementations SHOULD emit a warning so malformed producers are discoverable.

Rule 5 is load-bearing. Right-anchored heuristics ("the last segment is the sub, everything before it is the namespace") appear reasonable but assign different (ns, facet) pairs than left-anchored parsing whenever a key carries surplus segments, so two conformant-looking implementations can derive different metadata from identical bytes.

Producers MUST NOT emit keys outside this grammar. In particular, <ns> and <facet> MUST be checked for : before serialization.

Form-emitted ext (Edufeed convention)

When a kind 30168 form produces ext fields, <ns> is derived from the form's d-tag (a colon-free slug per Edufeed convention), optionally reverse-DNS qualified — e.g. a form with d-tag amb-basic emits ext:amb-basic:<fieldId>:id or ext:org.edufeed.forms.amb-basic:<fieldId>:id. The form-author's pubkey is not in <ns> — it's discoverable via the resource's ["a", "30168:<pub>:<d>", "<relay>", "form"] back-ref. If two authors choose the same <ns>, the back-ref disambiguates which form was used; clients can layer #a 30168:<pub>:<d> to narrow.

Migrating legacy shapes

Two non-conformant shapes exist in deployed data and both SHOULD be migrated.

Unprefixed namespaces. Some events use a de-facto <ns>:<facet>: shape without the ext: prefix (notably from amb-nostr-converter and EKW pipelines). Producers SHOULD migrate to the prefixed form. Consumers MAY accept the unprefixed form for backward compatibility during a transition period, but the ext: prefix is the only forward-compatible shape because AMB-core may introduce new top-level properties that would otherwise collide.

Surplus segments. Keys carrying more than one namespace or facet segment — ext:<ns>:<sub-vocabulary>:<facet>: or ext:30168:<pubkey>:<d-tag>:<facet>: — predate the parsing rule above and are ambiguous by construction. Producers MUST migrate them by promoting the surplus segment into <ns>:

Legacy	Conformant
`ext:ekw:konfi:zielgruppen:id`	`ext:org.edufeed.ekw.konfi:zielgruppen:id`
`ext:30168:<pub>:amb-basic:fach:id`	`ext:amb-basic:fach:id` (pubkey moves to the `a` back-ref)

Because the two segmentations are indistinguishable to a consumer, there is no safe backward-compatibility shim: per rule 5, consumers MUST ignore these keys rather than guess. Migration is a re-publish of the affected events.

How to convert an AMB nostr-event to AMB metadata

To convert a Nostr event back to AMB metadata:

Extract tags: Get the tags array from the Nostr event
Group by prefix: Collect all tags that share the same prefix (before the first :)
Reconstruct nesting: Use the : delimiter to rebuild nested object structure
Handle arrays: Multiple tags with identical keys become array elements
Preserve order: Array order is determined by tag order in the event
Special mappings:
d tag → id property: if the d value is an absolute URI, use it verbatim; otherwise derive the id as nostr:<naddr1...> (the NIP-19 naddr encoding of kind 30142, the event's pubkey, and the d value). Consumers MAY substitute a dereferenceable landing-page URL they control for the derived nostr: URI.
content field → description property (prefer over description tag if both exist)
t tags → keywords array
r tags → Nostr-native supplementary references (no AMB equivalent; not included in AMB output)
p tags with role → Nostr-native creator/contributor (see below)
a tags with role → Nostr-native relation (see below)
Convert string booleans to actual booleans (e.g. isAccessibleForFree)
Convert numeric strings back to integers where the AMB schema requires numbers (suggestedAge:minValue/suggestedAge:maxValue)
Parse ISO8601 dates if needed for validation
**Add @context**: The output MUST include "@context": ["https://w3id.org/kim/amb/context.jsonld", {"@language": "<lang>"}] — the AMB schema requires @context at the top level. The language is implementation-configurable (default: de).

> Known limitation: Custom or extended @context entries from a source AMB document (e.g. an additional "https://schema.org" entry) are not stored in the event and therefore cannot be restored on reverse conversion — the canonical two-element context is always reconstructed. Documents using only the standard AMB context round-trip losslessly.

**Nostr-native p tags** (creator/contributor): For each ["p", <pubkey-hex>, <relay-hint>, <role>] where <role> is "creator" or "contributor", clients SHOULD fetch the user's kind:0 profile (using the relay hint and NIP-65) to resolve their name. Map to an AMB creator/contributor object:

``json { "name": "<name from kind:0 profile>", "type": "Person", "id": "nostr:<nprofile1...>" } ` The id uses the NIP-19 nprofile encoding (which includes the pubkey and relay hint(s)) prefixed with nostr: per NIP-21. The type ("Person" or "Organization") should be determined from the kind:0 profile if possible; implementations MAY default to "Person"` when unknown.

If the kind:0 profile cannot be fetched (or the converter operates offline), name MUST fall back to the NIP-19 npub encoding of the pubkey — the AMB schema requires name and type on every creator/contributor object, so output must never omit them. Profile-aware clients SHOULD replace the fallback with the resolved profile name once available.

**Nostr-native a tags** (relations): For each ["a", "30142:<pubkey>:<d-value>", <relay-hint>, <role>] where <role> is "isBasedOn", "isPartOf", or "hasPart", map to the corresponding AMB relation object:

``json { "id": "nostr:<naddr1...>", "type": "LearningResource" } ` The id uses the NIP-19 naddr encoding (which includes kind, pubkey, d-tag, and relay hint(s)) prefixed with nostr:` per NIP-21.

**Extension tags (ext: prefix)**: Parse each key whose first segment is ext using the normative left-anchored rule in Extension Properties, ignoring any key that does not match. Group the surviving tags by (<namespace>, <facet>). Within each pair, apply the same flattening rules as AMB-core (boundary on repeated id, prefLabel:<lang> → prefLabel.<lang>); keys with no  yield strings instead. Concepts and scalars under one pair accumulate independently and concatenate as concepts-then-scalars — see Mixed facets. Place the result under output.ext.<namespace>.<facet>. Implementations MUST NOT merge ext entries into AMB-core properties.

How to query for AMB nostr-events in supporting relays

AMB-supporting relays MUST support the standard NIP-01 filter fields and SHOULD support NIP-50 full-text search with field-specific filtering.

Standard Nostr Filters (NIP-01)

Clients can query AMB events using standard Nostr filter fields:

kinds — filter by event kind (always 30142 for AMB events)
authors — filter by pubkey
ids — filter by event ID
#d — filter by the addressable event identifier (d-tag)
since / until — filter by created_at timestamp range

AMB Tag Filters

In addition to standard single-letter tag filters, AMB-supporting relays SHOULD support filtering by the colon-delimited tag names used in AMB events. The tag name in the filter maps directly to the flattened tag key in the event:

Tag Filter	Description
`#t`	Filter by keyword
`#r`	Filter by external reference URL
`#p`	Filter by creator/contributor pubkey
`#a`	Filter by addressable event reference
`#about:id`	Filter by subject (controlled vocabulary URI)
`#learningResourceType:id`	Filter by resource type URI
`#educationalLevel:id`	Filter by educational level URI
`#audience:id`	Filter by target audience URI
`#ext:<ns>:<facet>:id`	Filter by extension property URI within a namespace
`#ext:<ns>:<facet>:prefLabel:<lang>`	Filter by extension property label
`#ext:<ns>:<facet>`	Filter by scalar extension property value

Any colon-delimited tag name present in AMB events can be used as a filter. Multiple values for the same tag are matched with OR logic. Different tag filters are combined with AND logic.

NIP-50 Full-Text Search

AMB-supporting relays SHOULD implement NIP-50 to allow full-text search across AMB metadata fields (at minimum: name, description, keywords).

Relays MAY additionally support field-specific search filtering using dot-notation within the search string. The dot-notation maps to the nested AMB field structure (e.g., publisher.name maps to the name subfield of publisher objects):

Field Path	Description
`publisher.name`	Publisher organization name
`creator.name`	Content creator name
`about.prefLabel.<lang>`	Subject/topic label (e.g., `about.prefLabel.de`)
`learningResourceType.prefLabel.<lang>`	Resource type label
`audience.prefLabel.<lang>`	Target audience label
`educationalLevel.prefLabel.<lang>`	Educational level label
`ext.<ns>.<facet>.id`	Extension property URI
`ext.<ns>.<facet>.prefLabel.<lang>`	Extension property label
`ext.<ns>.<facet>.type`	Extension property RDF type

Free-text terms and field filters can be mixed in the search string. Multiple values for the same base field are combined with OR logic.

Query Examples

JSON Filter Objects

// All AMB events
{"kinds": [30142]}

// Events by a specific author
{"kinds": [30142], "authors": ["<pubkey-hex>"]}

// Lookup by addressable event coordinate (kind + pubkey + d-tag)
{"kinds": [30142], "authors": ["<pubkey-hex>"], "#d": ["<d-tag-value>"]}

// Events created in a time range
{"kinds": [30142], "since": 1700000000, "until": 1800000000}

// Filter by keyword
{"kinds": [30142], "#t": ["Mathematik"]}

// Filter by subject URI
{"kinds": [30142], "#about:id": ["http://w3id.org/kim/schulfaecher/s1017"]}

// Filter by learning resource type URI
{"kinds": [30142], "#learningResourceType:id": ["http://w3id.org/openeduhub/vocabs/new_lrt/video"]}

// Filter by educational level URI
{"kinds": [30142], "#educationalLevel:id": ["https://w3id.org/kim/educationalLevel/level_06"]}

// Filter by external reference
{"kinds": [30142], "#r": ["https://doi.org/10.1234/example"]}

// Filter by creator/contributor pubkey
{"kinds": [30142], "#p": ["<pubkey-hex>"]}

// Filter by addressable event reference
{"kinds": [30142], "#a": ["30142:<pubkey-hex>:<d-tag-value>"]}

// NIP-50 full-text search
{"kinds": [30142], "search": "pythagorean theorem"}

// NIP-50 search with field-specific filter
{"kinds": [30142], "search": "publisher.name:e-teaching.org"}

// NIP-50 combined: free text + field filter
{"kinds": [30142], "search": "forschung publisher.name:e-teaching.org"}

// NIP-50 multiple values for same field (OR logic)
{"kinds": [30142], "search": "about.prefLabel.de:Mathematik about.prefLabel.de:Physik"}

nak CLI Examples

# All AMB events
nak req -k 30142 ws://relay.example.com

# By author
nak req -a <pubkey-hex> -k 30142 ws://relay.example.com

# By d-tag
nak req -d "https://oersi.org/resources/example123" -k 30142 ws://relay.example.com

# Time range
nak req --since 1700000000 --until 1800000000 -k 30142 ws://relay.example.com

# By keyword
nak req -t t=Mathematik -k 30142 ws://relay.example.com

# By subject URI
nak req -t about:id=http://w3id.org/kim/schulfaecher/s1017 -k 30142 ws://relay.example.com

# By learning resource type
nak req -t learningResourceType:id=http://w3id.org/openeduhub/vocabs/new_lrt/video -k 30142 ws://relay.example.com

# By external reference
nak req -t r=https://doi.org/10.1234/example -k 30142 ws://relay.example.com

# By creator/contributor pubkey
nak req -p <pubkey-hex> -k 30142 ws://relay.example.com

# Full-text search
nak req --search "pythagorean theorem" -k 30142 ws://relay.example.com

# Field-specific search
nak req --search "publisher.name:e-teaching.org" -k 30142 ws://relay.example.com

# Combined: free text + field filter
nak req --search "forschung publisher.name:e-teaching.org" -k 30142 ws://relay.example.com

Note: Relays that require NIP-42 authentication need --sec <key> --auth flags with nak.

Reference Implementations

**amb-relay** — Nostr relay specialized for AMB events, built on the khatru relay framework
**nostrlib/eventstore/typesense30142** — Typesense-backed eventstore for kind 30142 events with full query documentation in its README

Examples

Example 1: Simple Educational Resource

{
  "kind": 30142,
  "id": "6ba638a3786cfce89af1702a36c59e0bd9206863afa5cb6b1299aaf0d9f48c84",
  "pubkey": "79be667ef9dcbbac55a06295ce870b07029bfcdb2dce28d959f2815b16f81798",
  "created_at": 1743419457,
  "tags": [
    ["d", "https://oersi.org/resources/aHR0cHM6Ly9hdi50aWIuZXUvbWVkaWEvNjY5ODM=11"],
    ["type", "LearningResource"],
    ["name", "Pythagorean Theorem Video"],
    ["description", "An introductory video explaining the Pythagorean theorem"],
    ["about:id", "http://w3id.org/kim/schulfaecher/s1017"],
    ["about:prefLabel:de", "Mathematik"],
    ["about:type", "Concept"],
    ["about:id", "http://w3id.org/kim/schulfaecher/s1005"],
    ["about:prefLabel:de", "Deutsch"],
    ["about:type", "Concept"],
    ["learningResourceType:id", "http://w3id.org/openeduhub/vocabs/new_lrt/7a6e9608-2554-4981-95dc-47ab9ba924de"],
    ["learningResourceType:prefLabel:de", "Video"],
    ["learningResourceType:type", "Concept"],
    ["t", "Pythagoras"],
    ["t", "Geometrie"],
    ["t", "Mathematik"],
    ["inLanguage", "de"],
    ["license:id", "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],
    ["isAccessibleForFree", "true"]
  ],
  "content": "An introductory video explaining the Pythagorean theorem",
  "sig": "6b0b78d56dea322864d35ea3b6d7e892d0e62bed96cd11ecb27d6c1d0b6d0cd68cd9ec82419946a5fb3c8d4a21eca88c9a5dad47a3b3e466ba18787224a613ef"
}

Example 2: Resource with Nostr-Native and External Creators

This example demonstrates both creator types: a Nostr-native creator (using a p tag only) and an external creator without a Nostr identity (using creator:* flattened tags).

{
  "kind": 30142,
  "id": "7ca749b4897efdc98fe2803dc60f68c9e1cd29764e8a55d1e9ef47a46ba4fe75",
  "pubkey": "79be667ef9dcbbac55a06295ce870b07029bfcdb2dce28d959f2815b16f81798",
  "created_at": 1743419500,
  "tags": [
    ["d", "https://example.org/courses/physics-101"],
    ["type", "LearningResource"],
    ["type", "Course"],
    ["name", "Introduction to Physics"],
    ["description", "A comprehensive introduction to classical mechanics"],
    ["p", "79be667ef9dcbbac55a06295ce870b07029bfcdb2dce28d959f2815b16f81798", "wss://relay.example.com", "creator"],
    ["creator:id", "https://orcid.org/0000-0009-8765-4321"],
    ["creator:name", "Prof. John Doe"],
    ["creator:type", "Person"],
    ["creator:honorificPrefix", "Prof."],
    ["creator:affiliation:name", "Stanford University"],
    ["creator:affiliation:type", "Organization"],
    ["dateCreated", "2024-01-15"],
    ["datePublished", "2024-02-01"],
    ["about:id", "https://w3id.org/kim/hochschulfaechersystematik/n079"],
    ["about:prefLabel:de", "Informatik"],
    ["about:type", "Concept"],
    ["learningResourceType:id", "https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/course"],
    ["learningResourceType:prefLabel:de", "Kurs"],
    ["audience:id", "http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-vocabs/educationalAudienceRole/student"],
    ["audience:prefLabel:de", "Student"],
    ["audience:type", "Concept"],
    ["educationalLevel:id", "https://w3id.org/kim/educationalLevel/level_06"],
    ["educationalLevel:prefLabel:en", "Bachelor or equivalent"],
    ["inLanguage", "en"],
    ["license:id", "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"],
    ["isAccessibleForFree", "true"],
    ["r", "https://example.org/courses/physics-101"],
    ["r", "https://doi.org/10.1234/physics-intro"]
  ],
  "content": "A comprehensive introduction to classical mechanics",
  "sig": "8d1c89f5da33ec9a2b456def78a90b1cd23e456f78a90b12cd34e567f89a012b34c56d78e9f0a12bc3d45e6f78901a23b45c67d89e0f1a2b3c4d5e6f7890123a"
}

In this example:

The first creator has a Nostr pubkey, so only a p tag with role "creator" is used. Their name and metadata are resolved from their kind:0 profile.
The second creator (Prof. John Doe) has no Nostr identity, so the creator:* flattened tags provide their name, type, affiliation, and ORCID.

Example 3: Resource with Extension Namespace

This example demonstrates the ext: namespace, used here to attach an EKW-specific bistum (diocese) facet that is not part of AMB-core. The same flattening grammar applies; the only difference is the leading ext:<ns>: prefix.

{
  "kind": 30142,
  "id": "9f4c2a1b8e7d3a6f5c2b9d8e7a1c4f3b8e2d9a7c5f1b3e8d6a4c2f9b7e5d3a1c",
  "pubkey": "79be667ef9dcbbac55a06295ce870b07029bfcdb2dce28d959f2815b16f81798",
  "created_at": 1764000000,
  "tags": [
    ["d", "https://ekw.de/resources/abc"],
    ["type", "LearningResource"],
    ["name", "Religiöse Bildung im Bistum Hannover"],
    ["about:id", "https://w3id.org/kim/hochschulfaechersystematik/n270"],
    ["about:prefLabel:de", "Theologie"],
    ["about:type", "Concept"],
    ["ext:ekw:bistum:id", "https://w3id.org/kim/ekw/bistum/hannover"],
    ["ext:ekw:bistum:prefLabel:de", "Hannover"],
    ["ext:ekw:bistum:type", "Concept"],
    ["ext:ekw:bistum:id", "https://w3id.org/kim/ekw/bistum/wuerttemberg"],
    ["ext:ekw:bistum:prefLabel:de", "Württemberg"],
    ["ext:ekw:bistum:type", "Concept"]
  ],
  "content": "",
  "sig": "..."
}

On reverse conversion to AMB metadata, the ext block surfaces as a sibling object (it MUST NOT be folded into AMB-core):

{
  "type": ["LearningResource"],
  "name": "Religiöse Bildung im Bistum Hannover",
  "about": [
    {"id": "https://w3id.org/kim/hochschulfaechersystematik/n270", "prefLabel": {"de": "Theologie"}, "type": "Concept"}
  ],
  "ext": {
    "ekw": {
      "bistum": [
        {"id": "https://w3id.org/kim/ekw/bistum/hannover", "prefLabel": {"de": "Hannover"}, "type": "Concept"},
        {"id": "https://w3id.org/kim/ekw/bistum/wuerttemberg", "prefLabel": {"de": "Württemberg"}, "type": "Concept"}
      ]
    }
  }
}

Consumers that don't recognize the ekw namespace ignore it; consumers that do can render bistum generically (one row per concept, label resolved by language).

Tools

Using `nak` to create AMB events

You can use [nak](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nak) to create AMB events. There are two approaches:

Flag-based (inline tags)

# Simple resource with Nostr-native t tags
nak event \
  -k 30142 \
  --tag d="https://oersi.org/resources/example123" \
  --tag type="LearningResource" \
  --tag name="Pythagorean Theorem Video" \
  --tag description="An introductory video" \
  --tag about:id="http://w3id.org/kim/schulfaecher/s1017" \
  --tag about:prefLabel:de="Mathematik" \
  --tag t="Pythagoras" \
  --tag t="Geometrie" \
  --tag inLanguage="de" \
  --tag license:id="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" \
  --sec <key> --auth ws://relay.example.com

# Resource with Nostr-native creator (p tag)
nak event \
  -k 30142 \
  --tag d="https://example.org/resource/456" \
  --tag name="Physics Course" \
  -p "79be667ef9dcbbac55a06295ce870b07029bfcdb2dce28d959f2815b16f81798;wss://relay.example.com;creator" \
  --sec <key> --auth ws://relay.example.com

JSON on stdin (pipe-based)

This approach gives full control over the tag structure and is useful for scripting:

echo '{
  "tags": [
    ["d", "https://example.org/courses/physics-101"],
    ["type", "LearningResource"],
    ["name", "Introduction to Physics"],
    ["description", "A comprehensive introduction to classical mechanics"],
    ["inLanguage", "en"],
    ["t", "physics"],
    ["t", "mechanics"],
    ["creator:name", "Dr. Jane Smith"],
    ["creator:type", "Person"],
    ["license:id", "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"]
  ],
  "content": "A comprehensive introduction to classical mechanics"
}' | nak event -k 30142 --sec <key> --auth ws://relay.example.com

References

AMB Specification
Nostr Protocol (NIP-01) - including addressable events (formerly NIP-33, merged into NIP-01)
bech32-encoded entities (NIP-19) - nprofile and naddr encodings for reverse conversion
[nostr: URI scheme (NIP-21)](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/21.md) - nostr: prefix for bech32 identifiers in AMB output
Extra Metadata Fields and Tags (NIP-24) - r and t tag conventions
Live Activities (NIP-53) - precedent for p tag roles
Relay List Metadata (NIP-65) - relay discovery for p tag relay hints
JSON-Flattening Concept

NIP-AMB

NIP-AMB

Abstract

Event Kind

How to convert AMB metadata to an AMB nostr event

Nostr-Native Conventions

Flattening Rules

Property Mappings

General:

Provenance:

Costs and Rights:

Educational:

Relations:

Meta-Metadata:

Technical:

External References:

Extension Properties (ext namespace):

Namespace selection and collision avoidance

Scalar ext properties

Mixed facets

Parsing rule (normative)

Form-emitted ext (Edufeed convention)

Migrating legacy shapes

How to convert an AMB nostr-event to AMB metadata

How to query for AMB nostr-events in supporting relays

Standard Nostr Filters (NIP-01)

AMB Tag Filters

NIP-50 Full-Text Search

Query Examples

JSON Filter Objects

nak CLI Examples

Reference Implementations

Examples

Example 1: Simple Educational Resource

Example 2: Resource with Nostr-Native and External Creators

Example 3: Resource with Extension Namespace

Tools

Using nak to create AMB events

Flag-based (inline tags)

JSON on stdin (pipe-based)

References

Using `nak` to create AMB events